Historical documents, catalogues and scholarship

Sources

Historical sources, original research, catalogues and archival references. Document type and inspection scope are recorded independently.

Several records belong to one publication. An original letter can be a primary record even when it has not yet been consulted here. Use both filters to distinguish the nature of a source from the material actually examined.

V76
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 76

Before the passages were opened

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V77
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 77

Journal, 1 August 1837

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V78
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 78

Entrance and passages

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V79
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 79

Portcullis and earlier interventions

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V80
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 80

Upper chamber and construction of the burial chamber

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V81
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 81

The large chamber and access to the burial chamber

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V82
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 82

The granite-lined burial chamber

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V83
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 83

Movement of the sarcophagus and the beginning of its removal

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V84
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 84

Description, removal and report concerning the ship

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V85
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 85

Missing lid and absence of inscriptions

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V86
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 86

Wooden coffin, human remains and Raven’s letter

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V87
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 87

Earlier visitors and interpretation of the finds

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V88
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 88

Continuation of the work

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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V89
Historical publication

Vyse II · p. 89

Journal, 3 August 1837

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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PLATE-SARC
Historical illustration

Perring · sarcophagus with reconstructed lid

Elevations, sections and plan. The title explicitly states “with lid restored”.

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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PLATE-CHAMBER
Historical illustration

Plate · Sepulchral chamber, Third Pyramid

Historical depiction of the lower burial chamber; not a modern photograph.

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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PLATE-ROOM
Historical illustration

Plate · large chamber of the Third Pyramid

Historical depiction of the large upper chamber. Captioned “Third Pyramid”; preserved in the supplied volume extract.

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 1840
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N24
Scholarly study

Nicky Nielsen · mercantile networks

Modern scholarly study bringing together diplomatic documents, a ship survey, press reports and archival references.

Inspection: Stated source examinedRead directly · 2024
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MOTA
Institutional catalogue

Menkaure · official monument description

Institutional description of the pyramid and temple complex.

Inspection: Stated source examinedCatalogue consulted · n.d.
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BM6646
Institutional catalogue

British Museum · stone fragment EA6646

The museum catalogue describes a small fragment from the upper edge of the stone sarcophagus.

Inspection: Stated source examinedCatalogue and photographs read directly · 1838 / current catalogue
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BM6647
Institutional catalogue

British Museum · wooden coffin EA6647

Wooden anthropoid coffin, reconstructed from fragments; the museum catalogue dates it to the 26th Dynasty.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedOfficial catalogue extract checked; full page unavailable · 1838 / current catalogue
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LRF
Ship survey

Beatrice · ship survey, 1835

The official archive catalogue result identifies the survey; the complete scan has not yet been independently consulted for this archive.

Inspection: Metadata checked; work or file not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1835
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FO141
Archival document

Foreign Office · instruction to Campbell

Instruction concerning transport; cited by Nielsen, pp. 316–317, note 12.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1838
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FO142
Archival document

Foreign Office · Campbell on the firman

Campbell reports an export authorisation and a transport contract; Nielsen, p. 317, note 14. The firman itself is not included.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1838
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MINUTES38
Archival document

British Museum · acceptance of the donation

Decision and £150 allocated for transport; reported by Nielsen, pp. 315–316, note 11.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1838
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MINUTES39
Archival document

British Museum · insurance payment

Receipt of a net £148 from Francis & Co.; Nielsen, p. 323, note 38.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1839
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MALTA36
Archival document

Malta · crew list, 1836

Thirteen crew members on a voyage in 1836. A reproduction appears in Nielsen, p. 322, fig. 3; this is not the crew list for 1838.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedReproduction in Nielsen consulted · 1836
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MED1838
Contemporary newspaper

Il Mediterraneo · 17 October 1838

Shipping notices concerning Beatrice and Blazer; reproduced in Nielsen, p. 323, fig. 4. The complete newspaper and its context still require comparison.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedExtract in Nielsen consulted · 1838
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ALB1839
Contemporary newspaper

Liverpool Albion · missing-ship report

Report that no further news had been received of Beatrice since her reported departure. The original edition and date require independent verification.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1839
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BT120
Archival document

Beatrice · earlier seamen’s lists

Archival lead for earlier crew members and Whichelo’s sons.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1835–1836
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CAMPJULY
Archival document

Campbell · letter concerning embarkation

Indirect transmission through successive publications: the original letter and precise date are absent from this corpus.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1838
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ARQVA
Participant research report

ARQVA · the Navidad wreck

Participant report on rejection of the 1997 La Podadera lead and the separately discovered Navidad wreck, identified as Vargas.

Inspection: Original not examinedRead directly · 2023
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MUSEUMLETTERS
Archival document

Vyse, Hawkins and Forshall · January 1838 letters

The offer of the objects and the museum’s response; the original correspondence should be requested from the museum archives.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1838
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REGISTERS
Historical shipping register

Register of Shipping · 1829–1834

Annual registers for comparing ownership, rig, registration and trade routes.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1829–1834
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PRESS3738
Contemporary shipping reports

Press reports · final outward voyage, 1837–1838

Original reports concerning Liverpool, Civitavecchia and Alexandria.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1837–1838
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CARGO1837
Contemporary newspaper

Cargo advertisement · 1 September 1837

Cotton, other merchandise and cases described as natural history.

Inspection: Original not examinedOriginal not yet consulted · 1837
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PORTRAIT
Historical portrait

Whichelo · portrait and reverse

Miniature portrait and handwritten biographical note.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedArchival reference not yet established · n.d.
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NEG03
Participant research report

Negueruela · the 1997 search, participant account

The museum director describes the early 1997 museum–navy investigation and discovery of the Navidad wreck.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedRelevant pages read directly · 2003; fieldwork: early 1997
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AURORA11
Participant research report

ARQUA · geophysical surveys of 2007–2011

Participant report documenting the 2007–2008 Cartagena campaigns, instruments, survey zones and selected results.

Inspection: Stated source examinedComplete seven-page paper read directly · ARQUA 2011 proceedings; fieldwork: 2007–2011
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AURORA-PROJECT
Institutional project account

Aurora Trust · Cartagena project record

The participating organisation’s account and photographic archive of its Cartagena seabed survey.

Inspection: Stated source examinedInstitutional project page read directly · Fieldwork sections: 2007 and 2008; page undated
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BOUGHTON10
Press report or commentary

Boughton · 2010 search update

Online update attributing a negative Beatrice result, with a survey-area limitation, to Timmy Gambin.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedPublished update read; underlying correspondence unseen · 2 July 2010
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CLOS95A
Press report or commentary

El País · Clos project announcement, 1995

An interview with foundation director Adolf Luna about preparatory work for Salvar al Faraón.

Inspection: Stated source examinedContemporary report read directly · 14 May 1995
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CLOS95B
Press report or commentary

El País · proposed search schedule, 1995

Companion announcement giving a prospective search start and proposed area.

Inspection: Stated source examinedContemporary report read directly · 14 May 1995
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HAWASS08
Press report or commentary

2008 · Hawass / Ballard search proposal

Contemporary reporting names Hawass, proposed financing and potential underwater collaborators.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedContemporary digest read; project records unseen · 14 June 2008
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ARES25
Participant recollection

Nacho Ares · testimony about a 2020 meeting

Ares recalls being present when Hawass and Carmen Calvo discussed a proposed project.

Inspection: Stated source examinedPublished first-person interview read directly · 27 February 2025; recalled event: January 2020
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GIBBINS13
Author testimony — research for fiction

David Gibbins · documentary research for Pharaoh

First-person account of register research undertaken while writing the novel Pharaoh.

Inspection: Stated source examinedAuthor’s original commentary read directly · 28 August 2013
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ARES13
Press report or commentary

Ares · earlier initiatives requiring original records

Later account naming earlier British initiatives, Spanish researchers in 1985 and the Clos proposal.

Inspection: Stated source examinedRetrospective article read; cited project files unseen · April 2013
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SEARCH97-FILES
Project records sought

1997 museum–navy campaign · original files sought

Records needed to reconstruct the search footprint and candidate rejection in detail.

Inspection: Underlying files not locatedCampaign documented; original operational file not examined · 1996–1997
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SURVEY08-FILES
Project records sought

2007–2008 museum–Aurora surveys · datasets sought

Original operational records needed to assess coverage and detection limits.

Inspection: Underlying files not locatedPublished survey examined; full datasets not examined · 2007–2008
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PHARAOHPUB
Publisher or edition record

Pharaoh · fiction and US edition record

Publisher’s edition and genre information for a fictional Jack Howard adventure.

Inspection: Metadata checked; work or file not examinedPublisher record read directly; novel not reviewed in full · 2013-10-01
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GIBBINS15
Novel excerpt and introduction

Gibbins · Pyramid introduction and fictional excerpt

The author explicitly places the discovery and return to Beatrice within his two novels.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedAuthor’s introduction and excerpt read directly · 2015-03-05
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PYRAMIDPUB
Publisher or edition record

Pyramid · fiction and UK edition record

Publisher’s bibliographic record for the UK hardcover of the adventure novel.

Inspection: Metadata checked; work or file not examinedPublisher record read directly; novel not reviewed in full · 2014-11-06
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BLASCO25
Travel writing — uncorroborated retelling

Blasco Ibáñez · travel-writing account, 1925

A 1925 travel retelling claims a floating coffin was recovered; this passage identifies no supporting eyewitness or documentary source.

Inspection: Stated source examinedOriginal printed page 321 and catalogue read directly · 1925
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BALTIMONT
Comic and publisher record

Baltimont · Le sarcophage de Mykérinos, comic

A fictional comic adventure uses Beatrice and the lost sarcophagus as the premise for Professor Baltimont’s expedition.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedPublisher’s synopsis and opening excerpt page read; full album not reviewed · French editions recorded: 2015 and 2019; publisher page undated
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FIECHTER05
Novel: bibliographic identification

Fiechter · À la recherche du sarcophage perdu de Mykérinos

French novel concerning the lost sarcophagus; classified as a novel in the institutional author bibliography.

Inspection: Metadata checked; work or file not examinedTitle, year and genre identified; complete novel not read · 2005
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FIECHTER01
Scholarly study

Fiechter · Mykérinos, le dieu englouti, study awaiting review

An earlier historical study, distinct from the 2005 novel. Its substantive arguments remain unassessed here.

Inspection: Metadata checked; work or file not examinedHistorical work identified; contents and references not assessed · 2001
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FIECHTER-PAPERS
Archival catalogue

Mémoires d’Ici · Fiechter’s Mykérinos papers

Identified archival series associated with both books, including manuscript and documentation subseries.

Inspection: Metadata checked; work or file not examinedArchival catalogue checked; underlying papers not examined · Works: 2001 / 2005; archive catalogue consulted 2026
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STONE20
Scholarly study

Ricca and La Russa · underwater stone conservation review

Review of underwater stone deterioration, diagnosis and conservation; comparative background for conditional scenarios.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedOriginal open-access review examined, especially sections 2–3; no Menkaure-specific analysis · 29 May 2020
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MARBLE17
Original research paper

Cámara et al. · experimental marble exposure in Cádiz

Primary 18-month experiment comparing two marbles under exposed and buried conditions in the Bay of Cádiz.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedOriginal abstract, methods and relevant results/discussion in the accepted manuscript examined · 2017; published online 20 July
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VYSE-APP123
Historical publication

Vyse II · Appendix p. 123, sarcophagus measurements

Original table of external and internal sarcophagus dimensions in feet and inches.

Inspection: Stated source examinedOriginal 1840 title page and measurement table visually checked · 1840
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QAITBAY19
Original research paper

Abdelaziz and Elsayed · Qaitbay photogrammetry

Primary survey report on submerged architecture, with observations of changing sand cover and surface concretions.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedOriginal fieldwork paper, figure 4 and site-change discussion examined · 2019; photographic fieldwork began 2014
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MARTENS25
Original research paper

Martens · Antikythera statues and surviving surfaces

Original study identifying Herakles Γ 5742 and discussing marble, marine damage and traces protected by sediment.

Inspection: Extract or selected material examinedRelevant first-hand museum-study sections and object identification examined · 29 September 2025, online publication
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NATURALEARTH
Geographical dataset

Natural Earth · geographical base map

Generalised land outlines for the voyage evidence map; no historical route or wreck position is encoded.

Inspection: Stated source examinedPublic-domain land dataset and terms checked; cartographic context only · Dataset retrieved 16 October 2026
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VYSE-PLAN-I
Historical architectural plate

Vyse II · architectural Plate I

Plans and Sections of Passages in the Third Pyramid.

Inspection: Stated source examinedComplete original plate and relevant text visually examined · 1840
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VYSE-PLAN-II
Historical architectural plate

Vyse II · architectural Plate II

Small Ante-room and Portcullis in the Third Pyramid.

Inspection: Stated source examinedComplete original plate and relevant text visually examined · 1840
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VYSE-PLAN-III
Historical architectural plate

Vyse II · architectural Plate III

Plans and Sections of Apartments in the Third Pyramid.

Inspection: Stated source examinedComplete original plate and relevant text visually examined · 1840
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Image archive
Enlarged archival image
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